| The World Factbook | ||
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Kuwait |
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| Introduction | Kuwait |
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Background:
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Britain oversaw foreign relations and defense for the ruling Kuwaiti AL-SABAH dynasty from 1899 until independence in 1961. Kuwait was attacked and overrun by Iraq on 2 August 1990. Following several weeks of aerial bombardment, a US-led, UN coalition began a ground assault on 23 February 1991 that liberated Kuwait in four days. Kuwait spent more than $5 billion to repair oil infrastructure damaged during 1990-91. |
| Geography | Kuwait |
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Location:
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Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Saudi Arabia |
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Geographic coordinates:
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29 30 N, 45 45 E |
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Map references:
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Middle East |
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Area:
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total: 17,820 sq km
land: 17,820 sq km water: 0 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than New Jersey |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 462 km
border countries: Iraq 240 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km |
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Coastline:
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499 km |
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm |
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Climate:
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dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters |
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Terrain:
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flat to slightly undulating desert plain |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 306 m |
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas |
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Land use:
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arable land: 0.73%
permanent crops: 0.11% other: 99.16% (2001) |
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Irrigated land:
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60 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April and bring heavy rain, which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year, but are most common between March and August |
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Environment - current issues:
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limited natural fresh water resources; some of world's largest and most sophisticated desalination facilities provide much of the water; air and water pollution; desertification |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping |
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Geography - note:
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strategic location at head of Persian Gulf |
| People | Kuwait |
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Population:
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2,335,648
note: includes 1,291,354 non-nationals (July 2005 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 27.2% (male 323,382/female 311,700)
15-64 years: 70.1% (male 1,045,589/female 591,243) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 40,439/female 23,295) (2005 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 25.86 years
male: 28.05 years female: 22.12 years (2005 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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3.44%
note: this rate reflects a return to pre-Gulf crisis immigration of expatriates (2005 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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21.88 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Death rate:
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2.42 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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14.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.77 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.74 male(s)/female total population: 1.52 male(s)/female (2005 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 9.95 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.96 deaths/1,000 live births female: 8.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 77.03 years
male: 76.01 years female: 78.1 years (2005 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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2.97 children born/woman (2005 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.12% (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun: Kuwaiti(s)
adjective: Kuwaiti |
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Ethnic groups:
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Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%, other 7% |
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Religions:
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Muslim 85% (Sunni 70%, Shi'a 30%), Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and other 15% |
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Languages:
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Arabic (official), English widely spoken |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 83.5% male: 85.1% female: 81.7% (2003 est.) |
| Government | Kuwait |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: State of Kuwait
conventional short form: Kuwait local long form: Dawlat al Kuwayt local short form: Al Kuwayt |
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Government type:
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nominal constitutional monarchy |
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Capital:
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Kuwait |
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Administrative divisions:
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5 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Ahmadi, Al Farwaniyah, Al 'Asimah, Al Jahra', Hawalli |
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Independence:
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19 June 1961 (from UK) |
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National holiday:
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National Day, 25 February (1950) |
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Constitution:
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approved and promulgated 11 November 1962 |
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Legal system:
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civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
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Suffrage:
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adult males who have been naturalized for 30 years or more or have resided in Kuwait since before 1920 and their male descendants at age 21
note: only 10% of all citizens are eligible to vote; in 1996, naturalized citizens who do not meet the pre-1920 qualification but have been naturalized for 30 years were eligible to vote for the first time |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: Amir JABIR al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al Sabah (since 31 December 1977); Crown Prince SAAD al-Abdullah al-Salim Al Sabah
head of government: Prime Minister SABAH al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al Sabah (since 13 July 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior NAWWAF al-Ahmad Al Sabah (since 2003); Deputy Prime Ministers JABIR MUBARAK al-Hamad Al Sabah (since 2001) and Muhammad Dayfallah al-SHARAR (since 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister and approved by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Umma (50 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 6 July 2003 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - Islamists 21, government supporters 14, liberals 3, and independents 12; note - all cabinet ministers are also ex officio members of the National Assembly |
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Judicial branch:
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High Court of Appeal |
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Political parties and leaders:
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none; formation of political parties is illegal |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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several political groups act as de facto parties: Bedouins, merchants, Sunni and Shi'a activists, and secular leftists and nationalists |
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International organization participation:
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ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, BDEAC, CAEU, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador SALIM ABDALLAH al-Jabir Al Sabah
chancery: 2940 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 966-0702 FAX: [1] (202) 364-2868 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Richard LEBARON
embassy: Bayan, Area 14, Al-Masjed Al-Aqsa Street (near the Bayan palace), Kuwait City mailing address: P. O. Box 77 Safat 13001 Kuwait; or PSC 1280 APO AE 09880-9000 telephone: [965] 539-5307, 5308 FAX: [965] 538-0282 |
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Flag description:
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three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a black trapezoid based on the hoist side; design, which dates to 1961, based on the Arab revolt flag of World War I |
| Economy | Kuwait |
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Economy - overview:
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Kuwait is a small, rich, relatively open economy with proved crude oil reserves of about 96 billion barrels - 10% of world reserves. Petroleum accounts for nearly half of GDP, 95% of export revenues, and 80% of government income. Kuwait's climate limits agricultural development. Consequently, with the exception of fish, it depends almost wholly on food imports. About 75% of potable water must be distilled or imported. Kuwait continues its discussions with foreign oil companies to develop fields in the northern part of the country. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $48 billion (2004 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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6.8% (2004 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $21,300 (2004 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 0.4%
industry: 60.5% services: 39.1% (2004 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed):
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8% of GDP (2004 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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2.3% (2004 est.) |
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Labor force:
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1.42 million
note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 80% of the labor force (2004 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture NA, industries NA, services NA |
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Unemployment rate:
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2.2% (2004 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $35.82 billion
expenditures: $19.53 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.) |
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Public debt:
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29.6% of GDP (2004 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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practically no crops; fish |
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Industries:
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petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair, desalination, food processing, construction materials |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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-5% (2002 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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32.43 billion kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
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Electricity - consumption:
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30.16 billion kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2002) |
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Oil - production:
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2.319 million bbl/day (2004 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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293,000 bbl/day (2003 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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1.97 million bbl/day (2003) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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96.5 billion bbl (2004 est.) |
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Natural gas - production:
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8.7 billion cu m (2002 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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8.7 billion cu m (2002 est.) |
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Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2002 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2002 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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1.548 trillion cu m (2004) |
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Current account balance:
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$12.04 billion (2004 est.) |
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Exports:
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$27.42 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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oil and refined products, fertilizers |
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Exports - partners:
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Japan 22.6%, US 13.4%, South Korea 13.4%, Singapore 12.4%, Taiwan 8.4%, Netherlands 4.1% (2004) |
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Imports:
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$11.12 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing |
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Imports - partners:
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US 13.1%, Germany 12.7%, Japan 8.2%, China 5.9%, Italy 5.4%, UK 5.4%, Saudi Arabia 4.7%, France 4.6% (2004) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$7.333 billion (2004 est.) |
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Debt - external:
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$15.02 billion (2004 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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NA (2001) |
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Currency:
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Kuwaiti dinar (KD) |
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Currency code:
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KWD |
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Exchange rates:
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Kuwaiti dinars per US dollar - 0.2947 (2004), 0.298 (2003), 0.3039 (2002), 0.3067 (2001), 0.3068 (2000) |
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Fiscal year:
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1 April - 31 March |
| Communications | Kuwait |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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486,900 (2003) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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1.42 million (2003) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: the quality of service is excellent
domestic: new telephone exchanges provide a large capacity for new subscribers; trunk traffic is carried by microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and open-wire and fiber-optic cable; a cellular telephone system operates throughout Kuwait, and the country is well supplied with pay telephones international: country code - 965; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; linked to Bahrain, Qatar, UAE via the Fiber-Optic Gulf (FOG) cable; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean, 2 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 2 Arabsat |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 6, FM 11, shortwave 1 (1998) |
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Radios:
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1.175 million (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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13 (plus several satellite channels) (1997) |
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Televisions:
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875,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.kw |
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Internet hosts:
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3,437 (2001) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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3 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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567,000 (2003) |
| Transportation | Kuwait |
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Highways:
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total: 4,450 km
paved: 3,587 km unpaved: 863 km (1999 est.) |
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Pipelines:
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gas 169 km; oil 540 km; refined products 57 km (2004) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Kuwait, Mina' 'Abd Allah, Mina' al Ahmadi, Mina' Su'ud |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 39 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,319,082 GRT/3,768,828 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 3, container 6, liquefied gas 5, livestock carrier 5, petroleum tanker 20 registered in other countries: 19 (2005) |
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Airports:
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7 (2004 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 4
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.) |
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Heliports:
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3 (2004 est.) |
| Military | Kuwait |
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Military branches:
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Land Forces, Navy, Air Force (includes Air Defense Force), National Guard (2002) |
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Military manpower - military age and obligation:
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18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2001) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 18-49: 864,745 (2005 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 18-49: 737,292 (2005 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males: 18,743 (2005 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$2,584.5 million (2004) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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5.3% (2004) |
| Transnational Issues | Kuwait |
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Disputes - international:
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Kuwait and Saudi Arabia continue negotiating a joint maritime boundary with Iran; no maritime boundary exists with Iraq in the Persian Gulf |
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This page was last updated on 28 July, 2005 |